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1.
Oncología (Guayaquil) ; 28(1): 62-72, 30 de Abril 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999996

ABSTRACT

El sistema inmune cumple un rol fundamental en la defensa contra microorganismos y células anómalas. Históricamente, el concepto de vigilancia inmunológica se fundamenta en el control de múltiples funciones incluyendo la regulación de células cancerígenas a través de diversos mecanismos, en los cuales están involucrados: células, moléculas y tejidos del sistema inmune. El objetivo de analizar la respuesta inmune frente al cáncer, es entender los mecanismos de presentación del antígeno y los mecanismos desencadenados por el sistema adaptativo e innato que participan en la destrucción del tumor a expensas de un proceso inflamatorio agudo que podría llevar al control o destrucción del cáncer. La propuesta de esta revisión es resumir y esquematizar los aspectos cardinales de los diferentes procesos inmunológicos que participan en la fisiopatología de las enfermedades malignas, así como los mecanismos que emplea el sistema inmune para la defensa del cáncer.


The Inmune System plays an essential role in the defense of the organism against microorganisms and alters cells. Historically, the concept of immune surveillance its based in the control of multiple functions including the regulation of cancer cells through diverse mechanisms such as cells, molecules and tissue from the immune system. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of antigen presentation and other mechanisms of the innate and adaptive system which participate in the defense of the organism against the tumor. This process is enhancing by an inflammatory acute process that could lead to the control or de destruction of the tumor. The purpose of this review is to develop the cardinal aspects of the immunologic process that take part in the defense against malignant diseases, and also to explain its mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immune System , Immunity , Antibody Formation , CD4 Antigens , CD8 Antigens , Antigens
2.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 36(2): 123-128, abr.-jun.2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-790244

ABSTRACT

Existe un grupo de enteropatía conocidas como AVSN que pueden simular enfermedad celíaca. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es describir los hallazgos histológicos y de inmunohistoquímica en pacientes con enfermedad celíaca y AVSN. Material y métodos: 15 biopsias de pacientes con enfermedad celíaca y 19 biopsias con AVSN fueron reexaminados. Se estudió características histológicas tales como atrofia severa, hiperplasia de criptas, número de células plasmáticas, número de eosinófilos y presencia de neutrófilos. Asimismo, a través de inmunohistoquímica se estudió la presencia de linfocitos CD4, CD8, CD3, CD56. Resultados: Se encontró diferencia significativa en la mayor presencia de hiperplasia de criptas (p=0,0348) y mayor número de células plasmáticas (p=0,0348) en las biopsias de enfermedad celíaca que en las catalogadas como AVSN. El número de linfocitos CD8, CD4, CD56 y su distribución fue similar en ambos grupos. El porcentaje de linfocitos intraepiteliales CD3 positivos (p=0,0144) fue mayor en pacientes con AVSN. Conclusión: Los hallazgos histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos muestran más similitudes que diferencias. La diferencia hallada en nuestro estudio sugiere mayor respuesta inmune humoral en pacientes con enfermedad celiaca que en AVSN...


There is a group of enteropathies recently known as seronegative villous atrophy (SNVA), which can simulate celiac disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe histological and immunohistochemical differences between a group of Celiac disease and SNVA patients. Material and methods: Microscopy reexamination and Immunohistochemistry study were performed for a group of 15 celiac patients and 19 SNVA patients. Histological features as severe atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, plasma cells number, eosinophils number, neutrophils presence were studied; CD4, CD8, CD3, and CD56 markers were studied through immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a significant difference between the frequency of observation of crypt hyperplasia (p=0.0348) and plasma cells (p=0.0348) in celiac disease patients than SNVA patients. In celiac disease was bigger. The number and distribution of CD 8, CD4 and CD56 lymphocytes was similar in both groups. The percentage of CD3 positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (p=0.0144) was higher in SNVA. Conclusion: Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation shows more similarities than differences. The differences found in this study suggest more humoral immune response in celiac disease than in SNVA...


Subject(s)
Humans , Celiac Disease , Hyperplasia , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies
3.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 53(1): 11-18, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-778907

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la candidiasis bucal es la infección oportunista más frecuente en pacientes infectados por el VIH, se constituye muchas ocasiones en la primera manifestación de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la candidiasis bucal, los niveles de linfocitos CD4 y el tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes VIH/SIDA. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 141 pacientes diagnosticados como seropositivos al VIH. Un mismo examinador realizó examen clínico intrabucal. Los datos de niveles de linfocitos CD4 y terapia antirretroviral se obtuvieron de la historia clínica médica. La información se procesó en paquete estadístico Stata versión 11. Resultados: el 66,7 por ciento de la población fueron hombres. La vía de transmisión del virus más frecuente fue la sexual (96 por ciento). La prevalencia de manifestaciones bucales asociadas al VIH fue de 59,5 por ciento; la candidiasis pseudomembranosa se presentó con mayor frecuencia (31,3 por ciento), seguida por la variante eritematosa (4,2 por ciento). En relación con la candidiasis pseudomembranosa y los niveles de CD4, 22 pacientes presentaron valores de CD4 menores de 200 células/mL3 y 29 estaban bajo esquema antirretroviral que incluía dos grupos de fármacos inhibidores de la proteasa/inhibidores análogos de nucleósidos de la transcriptasa reversa. Conclusión: la candidiasis pseudomembranosa está altamente relacionada con niveles de linfocitos CD4 menores de 200 células/mL3. Los pacientes bajo esquema de tratamiento farmacológico antirretroviral monoterapia presentaron menos candidiasis que aquellos tratados con biterapia(AU)


Introduction: oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients, and on many occasions it is the first manifestation of the disease. Objective: determine the association between oral candidiasis, CD4 lymphocyte levels and antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The study population was 141 patients diagnosed as HIV-positive. All clinical intraoral examinations were performed by the same examiner. Data about CD4 lymphocyte levels and antiretroviral therapy were obtained from the patients' medical records. The information was processed with the statistical package Stata v11. Results: 66.7 percent of the study population were men. Sexual transmission was the most common form of transmission (96 percent). Prevalence of oral manifestations associated with HIV was 59.5 percent; the most common form of the disease was pseudomembranous candidiasis (31.3 percent), followed by erythematous candidiasis (4.2 percent). With respect to pseudomembranous candidiasis and CD4 levels, 22 patients had CD4 values below 200 cell/mm3, and 29 were undergoing antiretroviral therapy with two drug groups: IP/INTR. Conclusion: pseudomembranous candidiasis is highly correlated with CD4 lymphocyte levels below 200 cell/mm3. Patients under antiretroviral monotherapy presented less candidiasis than those under bitherapy(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Candidiasis, Oral/epidemiology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , HIV Infections/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(6,supl.1): 158-161, Nov-Dec/2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696794

ABSTRACT

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare and aggressive hematodermic neoplasia with frequent cutaneous involvement and leukemic dissemination. We report the case of a 76-year-old man with a 2 month history of violaceous nodules and a tumor with stony consistency, located on the head, and mandibular, cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathies. Multiple thoracic and abdominal adenopathies were identified on computerized tomography. Flow cytometry analysis of the skin, lymph node and bone marrow biopsies demonstrated the presence of plasmocytoid dendritic cell neoplastic precursor cells (CD4+, CD45+, CD56+ and CD123+ phenotype). After initial clinical and laboratorial complete remission with chemotherapy, the patient died due to relapse of the disease associated with the appearance of a cervical mass with medullary compromise.


A neoplasia blástica de células dendríticas plasmocitóides é uma neoplasia hematodérmica rara, agressiva, com frequente envolvimento cutâneo e disseminação leucêmica. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 76 anos com quadro clínico com 2 meses de evolução caracterizado por nódulos e tumor de tonalidade violácea, de consistência pétrea, localizados na cabeça, e linfadenopatias mandibular, cervicais e supraclaviculares. Identificaram-se múltiplas adenopatias torácicas e abdominais em tomografia computorizada. A análise por citometria de fluxo de biópsias cutânea, ganglionar e óssea demonstrou a presença de precursores neoplásicos das células dendríticas plasmocitóides (fenótipo CD4+, CD45+, CD56+ e CD123+). Após remissão clínica e laboratorial completa inicial com quimioterapia, veio a falecer por recaída da doença associada ao aparecimento de massa cervical com compromisso medular.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Dendritic Cells/pathology , Leukemia/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Bone Marrow/pathology , Fatal Outcome , Flow Cytometry , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Skin/pathology
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 86(6): 1151-1158, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-610420

ABSTRACT

O conhecimento sobre a fisiopatogenia da psoríase possibilitou o desenvolvimento de ferramentas terapêuticas que visam ao bloqueio do seu gatilho imunológico. Paralelamente, citocinas como o TNF têm sido reconhecidas como integrantes da etiopatogenia da psoríase e comorbidades a ela relacionadas. Estudos genéticos e epidemiológicos contribuíram efetivamente para as conclusões a que se tem chegado atualmente sobre esta complexa patologia.


Insights into the pathogenesis of psoriasis led to the development of therapeutic tools aimed at blocking its immunological trigger. In parallel, cytokines such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been recognized as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its associated comorbidities. Genetic and immunological studies have contributed effectively towards establishing the currently held concepts regarding this complex disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, CD/immunology , Psoriasis/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology , Antigen-Presenting Cells/physiology , Keratinocytes/immunology , Psoriasis/pathology
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